Assessing the Industry 4.0 European divide through the country/industry dichotomy

Industry 4.0 refers to the application of new technologies production and supply chain processes under fourth industrial revolution (4th IR) paradigm has been studied mainly in manufacturing. The present study looks understand how 4th IR manifests itself EU countries across different industries through an perspective. Following a five-step research protocol that used multivariate approach, Infrastructure, Big Data Maturity Applications were identified as characterizing elements 4.0. Cluster analysis showed five homogeneous profiles implementation European countries. Our findings unveil strong divide (and within) industries. is much more determined by industry than country. Knowledge development conditions would greatly benefit from further on drive at country levels.